U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 

JOHN  R.  MOHLER,  Chief  of  Bureau 


Instructions  Concerning  Work 

Under  Regulations  Governing 

Interstate  Movement  of 

Livestock 


L 


UNITED   STATES 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING   OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

1928 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 
JOHN  R.  MOHLrER,  Chief  op  Bureau 


Instructions  Concerning  Work 

Under  Regulations  Governing 

Interstate  Movement  of 

Livestock 


UNITED  STATES 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

1928 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 
JOHN  R.  AIOHLER,  Chief  of  Bureau 


Instructions  Concerning  Work  Under 
Regulations  Governing  Interstate 
Movement  of  Livestock 


CONTENTS 

Page 

To  prevent  the  spread  of  splenetic,  southern,  or  Texas 

fever  in  cattle 1 

Common  scabies  of  cattlp  and  sheep 4 

Sarcoptic  scabies  of  cattle 13 

Lip -and  leg  ulceration  of  sheep 14 

Public-stockyards    activities 

Tuberculosis  of  cattle 17 

Cleaning  and  disinfecting  cars,  yards,  and  premises —  24 

Directions  for  use  of  forms 25 


TO    PREVENT   THE    SPREAD    OF    SPLENETIC, 
SOUTHERN,  OR  TEXAS  FEVER  IN  CATTLE 

1.  Movement  of  tick-infested  animals  prohibited. — 

The  interstate  movement  for  any  purpose  of  cattle, 
horses,  mules,  or  asses  infested  with  fever  ticks  or 
exposed  to  tick  infestation  is  prohibited. 

2.  Treatment  of  cattle  for  interstate  movement. — 
Cattle  of  the  quarantined  area  or  other  cattle  exposed 
to  or  infested  with  ticks  may  be  moved  interstate  only 
when  inspected,  dipped,  and  certified  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  regulations  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  Texas  fever. 

3.  Tick-infested  cattle  in  free  area. — Cattle  in  the 
free  area  infested  with  or  exposed  to  ticks  are  subject 

(1) 


to   the  provisions   of  the   regulations   governing   the 
movement  of  cattle  of  the  quarantined  area. 

4.  Restrictions  on  horses  and  mules. — The  inter- 
state movement  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  infested 
with  or  exposed  to  ticks  is  prohibited  unless-  treated  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  governing  the  move- 
ment of  cattle  of  the  quarantined  area. 

5.  Unloading  cattle  in  transit. — When  certified  cat- 
tle or  cattle  of  the  free  area  are  unloaded  within  the 
quarantined  area  for  rest,  feed,  and  water  they  shall 
be  handled  in  noninfectious  pens  especially  con- 
structed as  required  by  department  regulations  and 
authorized  by  the  bureau. 

6.  Inspection  facilities. — Cattle  shall  be  chute  in- 
sj>ected,  or  other  proper  restraining  facilities  and 
assistance  furnished,  in  order  that  a  careful  manual 
examination  of  each  animal  may  be  made. 

7.  Split  shipments. — If  a  lot  of  cattle  of  the  same 
origin,  which  has  received  similar  treatment  and  is 
shipped  at  the  same  time,  is  divided  into  two  or  more 
separate  consignments,  a  brief  notation  shall  he  made 
on  the  certificate  covering  each  consignment  indicating 
that  the  cattle  are  part  of  a  lot  divided  into  other 
consignments.  In  the  event  that  one  consignment  in 
a  "split  shipment"  is  found  to  be  tick  infested,  the 
other  parts  of  such  shipment  shall  be  treated  as 
infested. 

8.  Dip  for  interstate  movement. — The  ai*senical 
solution  is  the  only  dip  recognized  by  the  bureau  in  the 
treatment  of  cattle  for  ticks.  Department  regulations 
require  that  the  arsenical  dip  used  in  treating  cattle 
for  interstate  movement  shall  give  a  minimum  test  of 
0.22  per  cent  of  arsenious  oxide.  Bureau  employees 
have  no  authority  in  any  way  to  alter  this  require- 
ment. 

9.  Arsenical  dips. — Homemade  dip.  the  preparation 
of  which  is  fully  described  in  Farmers'  Bulletin  1057, 
or  a  proprietary  dip  which  has  been  permitted  by  the 
bureau,  may  be  used  in  official  dipping.  Notice  of 
the  permitted  proprietary  dips  is  g.ven  by  bureau 
circular  letters  and  by  publication  in  Service  and 
Regulatory  Announcements. 

10.  Mixing  the  bath. — The  concentrated  dip  should 
be  poured  in  gradually  and  distributed  equally 
throughout  the  length  of  the  vat.  Before  any  cattle 
are  dipped  the  bath  must  be  stirred  thoroughly,  care- 
fully tested,  and  brought  to  required  streugth.     Fresh 


solution  should  be  added  from  time  to  time  to  replace 
that  carried  cut  by  the  cattle  and  to  keep  the  bath  up 
to  proper  strength. 

11.  Testing  arsenical  baths. — Dipping  baths  pre- 
pared from  permitted  dips  may  be  tested  with  the 
bureau  testing  outfit  in  the  following  manner : 

(a)  Fill  a  clean  graduate  with  bath,  setting  the  top 
edge  of  the  surface  of  the  bath  on  the  upper  gradua- 
tion (zero),  pour  (draining  out  drops)  into  a  clean, 
wide-mouth  bottle,  add  one  wh  te  indicator  tablet,  and 
gently  swirl  or  shake  until  the  tablet  is  nearly  all 
dissolved. 

(&)  Rinse  the  graduate  with  clean  water  or  with  a 
little  test  fluid,  shake  out  adhering  drops,  and  fill  to 
upper  graduation  (zero)  with  test  fluid,  setting  the 
bottom  of  the  curved  surface  on  the  mark. 

(c)  While  gently  swirling  the  bottle,  slowly  pour 
test  fluid  in  from  the  graduate  until  the  blue  or  violet 
color  remains  permanent  for  a  half-minute  throughout 
the  entire  contents  of  the  bottle  after  thorough  mixing. 
Avoid  excess  of  test  fluid,  adding  only  a  few  drops  at 
a  time  toward  the  end. 

The  number  of  cubic  centimeters  (reading  at  the 
bottom  of  the  curved  surface)  of  test  fluid  added  to 
just  produce  the  color  gives  the  number  of  hun- 
dredths of  1  per  cent  of  arsenious  oxide  in  the  bath. 

12.  Disposal  of  waste  arsenical  baths. — No  bath 
carried  over  the  winter  may  be  used  for  dipping  the 
following  season.  \Vhenever  the  arsenical  solution 
becomes  filthy  the  vat  should  be  cleaned  out  and  re- 
filled with  a  fresh  solution.  Waste  bath  must  not  be 
emptied  where  animals  may  come  into  contact  with 
it.  The  approved  practice  is  to  empty  it  into  a  well- 
guarded  pit  so  situated  that  seepage  can  not  reach 
wells,  springs,  etc.  Splashings  from  the  vat  or  drain- 
ings  from  the  pens  must  not  accumulate  in  puddles. 

13.  Precautions  in  handling  arsenical  dips. — The 
poisonous  properties  of  arsenic  must  be  kept  constantly 
in  mind.  White  arsenic,  concentrated  solutions,  and 
proprietary  dips  must  be  stored  in  tight  containers 
inaccessible  to  animals  or  children.  Any  concentrated 
solution  or  proprietary  dip  which  gets  on  the  skin 
must  be  immediately  and  thoroughly  washed  off. 
Clothing  splashed  with  strong  solutions  must  be  re- 
moved at  once  and  the  skin  wet  by  it  must  be  washed. 
The  clothing  must  not  be  worn  again  until  thoroughly 
cleansed.     These  measures  must  be  followed  even  If 


no  discomfort  is  noticed.  Garments  wet  even  with 
the  dilute  dipping  bath  should  be  changed  as  promptly 
as  possible.  Care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  spilling  the 
concentrated  dip  about  the  premises,  but  if  spilled 
the  spot  must  be  cleansed  with  water,  or  if  spilled  on 
the  ground,  must  be  covered  with  fresh  earth. 

It  is  the  duty  of  all  bureau  employees  not  only  to 
observe  scrupulously  all  precautions  themselves  but 
to  impress  the  precautions  upon  all  persons  associated 
with  them  in  their  work.  Especial  vigilance  is 
needed  at  the  beginning  of  the  season,  when  many  of 
the  workers  are  inexperienced  and  the  cattle  are  most 
susceptible  to  injury. 

14.  Handling  and  dipping  cattle. —  (a)  Owners  or 
persons  in  charge  should  be  cautioned  to  handle  the 
cattle  carefully  and  treat  them  humanely  at  the  dip- 
ping vats.  It  is  dangerous  to  dip  cattle  when  they 
are  hot  or  in  an  exhausted  condition.  Following  dip- 
ping, cattle  should  be  protected  from  exposure  to 
rain  or  hot  sun  and  should  not  be  loaded  until  dry. 

(&)  When  cattle  are  presented  for  second  or  final 
dipping  for  interstate  movement  the  inspector  should 
have  available  positive  information  of  the  date  of 
the  last  dipping,  and  in  no  case  shall  cattle  be  re- 
dipped  within  an  interval  of  seven  days. 

(c)  If  previous  record  of  dipping  or  the  condition 
of  the  cattle  to  be  dipped  would  indicate  danger  from 
treatment  at  the  expiration  of  seven  days,  final  dip- 
ping should  be  postponed,  as  conditions  demand,  up  to 
the  12  days'  limitation  prescribed  by  the  regulations. 

COMMON   SCABIES   OF  CATTLE  AND   SHEEP 

DAYLIGHT  INSPECTION  REQUIRED 

15.  Inspection  of  animals  should  not  be  made  before 
sunrise  or  after  sunset,  and  in  no  case  should  inspec- 
tions be  made  by  artificial  light. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  CATTLE 


16.  Cattle  visibly  affected  with  scabies  shall  be 
classed  as  infected.  • 

17.  Cattle  that  have  come  into  contact  with  infected 
animals  or  that  have  been  closely  confined  in  infected 
cars  or  premises  are  exposed  to  scabies. 


DIRECTIONS   FOR  DIPPING   CATTLE 

18.  Number  of  dippings  required. — Cattle  visibly 
affected  with  scabies  must  be  given  two  dippings,  with 
an  interval  of  from  10  to  14  days  between  dippings. 
One  dipping  should  be  sufficient  for  cattle  not  visibly 
affected. 

19.  Immersion. — When  either  the  lime-and-sulphur 
or  nicotine  dip  is  used,  the  cattle  should  be  completely 
submerged  once,  and  the  dip  in  the  vat  should  be 
maintained  at  a  depth  sufficient  to  swim  the  tallest 
animal  to  be  dipped. 

20.  Affected  cattle. — Affected  animals  should  receive 
special  attention  in  the  application  of  the  treatment 
to  the  upper  portions  of  the  body,  where  the  lesions 
usually  appear.  This  should  be  done  by  applying 
the  dip  to  the  neck,  withers,  and  back  from  a  bucket 
and  thoroughly  scrubbing  those  parts  while  the  ani- 
mals are  in  the  chute  prior  to  entering  the  vat. 

21.  Time  in  vat,  changing  fluid,  etc. — Infected  cat- 
tle should  be  held,  in  the  dip  from  two  to  three  min- 
utes, and  their  heads  submerged  at  least  once  for  but 
an  instant  at  a  time,  and  assistance  must  be  rendered 
immediately  if  they  appear  to  be  strangling.  The  best 
time  to  duck  the  head  is  while  the  animal  is  in  the 
last  third  of  the  swim.  Exposed  cattle  should  remain 
in  the  dip  a  minimum  period  of  one  minute.  The  dip 
must  be  maintained  at  a  temperature  between  95° 
and  105°  F.  while  the  animals  are  in  it.  It  should  be 
changed  as  soon  as  it  becomes  filthy,  regardless  of  the 
number  of  cattle  dipped  in  it,  and  in  no  case  should  it 
be  used  again  after  it  is  15  days  old.  In  cleaning  the 
vat,  the  entire  contents,  including  all  sediment  and 
droppings,  or  other  foreign  matter,  must  be  removed. 

22.  Handling  cattle  in  vat. — Men  with  dipping  forks 
should  be  stationed  along  the  vat  to  keep  the  animals 
completely  submerged,  except  the  heads,  as  they  swim 
through.  This  may  be  done  by  placing  the  fork  over 
the  withers  and  pushing  the  animal  under.  The  cattle 
should  be  prevented  by  a  holding  gate  from  swim- 
ming through  too  soon,  or  if  there  is  no  gate  the 
dipping  forks  may  be  used  to  retard  their  progress. 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  DIPPING  SHEEP 

23.  Number  of  dippings  required. — Infected  sheep 
should  be  dipped  twice  with  an  interval  of  from  10  to 


14  days  between  dippings.    Exposed  sheep  should  be 
dipped  once. 

24.  Depth  of  dip  in  vat. — The  average  depth  of  dip 
used  for  sheep  is  from  40  to  48  inches,  and  the  quan- 
tity necessary  to  obtain  that  depth  should  bo 
ascertained  before  the  dip  is  prepared. 

25.  Time  in  vat,  changing  fluid,  etc. — Sheep  classed 
as  infected  must  be  kept  in  the  dip  between  two 
and  three  minutes,  and  those  classed  as  exposed  or 
free  should  remain  in  the  dip  at  least  one  minute,  and 
the  heads  of  all  sheep  dipped  must  be  submerged  a1 
least  once,  though  but  for  an  instant  at  a  time,  and 
assistance  rendered  immediately  if  they  appear  to  be 
strangling.  The  best  time  to  duck  the  head  is  while 
they  are  in  the  last  fourth  of  the  vat.  The  dip  must 
be  maintained  at  a  temperature  between  95°  and  105° 
F.  while  the  sheep  are  in  it,  and  must  be  changed  as 
soon  as  it  becomes  filthy,  regardless  of  the  number  of 
sheep  dipped,  and  in  no  case  shall  it  be  used  again 
when  more  than  10  days  old.  In  emptying  the  vat  the 
entire  contents,  including  all  sediment  and  droppings 
or  other  foreign  matter,  must  be  removed. 

26.  Use  of  dipping  forks. — Men  with  dipping  forks 
should  be  stationed  along  the  vat  to  prevent  the  sheep 
from  swimming  through  too  soon,  and  to  push  each 
sheep  under  the  dip,  except  the  head,  as  it  passes. 
If  they  are  swimming  through  the  vat  too  quickly, 
the  men  should  hold  them  back  with  dipping  forks. 
They  should  be  held  in  bunches  of  from  three  to  five, 
each  man  holding  a  bunch  the  necessary  length  of 
time,  then  passing  them  to  the  next  man,  pushing  them 
well  under  the  dip,  except  the  heads,  as  they  swim 
past.  Place  the  dipping  fork  over  the  front  part  of 
the  shoulders,  and  gently  but  firmly  push  the  sheep 
under  the  dip,  except  the  head.  If  dipping  is  properly 
done,  the  sheep  will  raise  its  head  so  that  the  neck 
can  be  well  soaked  without  danger  of  strangling  by 
pushing  the  head  under. 

27.  Sorting  and  hand  dressing. — All  sheep  that  have 
hard,  dry  scab  on  them  should  be  sorted  from  the 
flock  and  the  diseased  areas  hand  dressed  with  some 
of  the  dip  by  rubbing  the  scab  with  a  smooth  stick 
or  a  brush  as  the  dip  is  applied  so  as  to  moisten 
and  soften  the  scab,  but  not  severely  enough  to  draw 
blood,  as  the  blood  will  protect  the  mites  from  the 
effect  of  the  dip.  Afterwards  allow  these  sheep  to 
stand  from  30  to  60  minutes  before  putting  them  into 
the  vat 


28.  Drowning  sheep. — When  sheep  begin  to  drown 
or  if  they  become  strangled  in  the  dipping  vat,  it  is 
often  necessary  to  pull  them  out  immediately  to  save 
them.  Such  sheep,  provided  they  have  not  remained 
in  the  vat  the  required  length  of  time,  should  be  re- 
turned to  the  pens  and  again  dipped  when  they  have 
sufficiently  recovered. 

29.  Separate  ewes  and  lambs. — As  the  dip  pene- 
trates the  fleece  of  a  lamb  sooner  than  that  of  an 
adult  sheep  in  full  fleece,  the  lambs  should  be  cut  out 
and  dipped  separately. 

GENERAL   DIRECTIONS   FOR   DIPPING 

30.  Watering  and  feeding  animals. — The  animals 
should  be  watered  and  fed  not  more  than  six  hours 
before  dipping,  so  that  they  will  not  be  thirsty  or 
hungry  when  subjected  to  this  treatment. 

31.  Prevent  the  drinking  of  dips. — The  floors  of  the 
dipping  pens  should  be  sloped  or  so  arranged  that 
the  dip  will  drain  away  and  not  collect  in  pools  from 
which  the  animals  may  drink. 

32.  "  Softening  "  water. — Soft  water  is  better  than 
hard  water  for  dipping,  but  if  it  can  not  be  obtained 
the  hard  water  may  be  "  softened  "  by  sal  soda  or  lye, 
but  no  more  should  be  added  than  is  required  to  "  cut " 
the  water.  From  1  to  4  pounds  of  sal  soda  to  each 
100  gallons  of  water  usually  is  sufficient. 

33.  Computing  quantity  of  dip  required. — In  1  gal- 
lon there  are  231  cubic  inches ;  multiply  in  inches  the 
average  length  by  the  average  breadth,  the  product 
by  the  depth,  divide  by  231,  and  the  result  will  be  the 
number  of  gallons.  To  obtain  the  average  length  of 
the  vat  add  the  length  at  the  bottom  to  the  length  at 
the  top  of  the  dip  and  divide  by  two ;  obtain  the  aver- 
age width  in  the  same  manner.  The  depth  should  be 
taken  at  the  center  of  the  vat,  and  should  be  from  the 
bottom  to  water  (or  dip)  line.  Be  sure  to  measure 
only  the  space  filled  by  the  dip  and  not  above  that  line. 
The  cooking  tank  also  should  be  measured.  It  is  con- 
venient to  have  marked  rods  which  show  the  number 
of  gallons  at  various  points. 

Freshly  shorn  sheep  and  short-wooled  lambs  carry 
out  and  retain  in  the  fleece  from  1  to  2  quarts  of  dip ; 
full-fleeced,  fine-wool  sheep  take  up  as  much  as  2  gal- 
lons and  when  dipped  late  in  the  fall  the  average 
medium-wool  sheep  retains  about  1  gallon.  The  aver- 
age 1,000-pound,  short-haired  steer  will  carry  out  and 

4612°— 28 2 


retain  about  2  quarts  of  dip  and  the  same  class  of 
eattle  with  long  hair  will  retain  about  1  gallon.  The 
total  estimated  quantity  of  dip  which  the  animals 
carry  out  and  retain  plus  what  is  required  to  charge 
the  vat  should  equal  the  total  required  if  none  is  lost 
by  leakage. 

34.  Preparation  of  dips. — The  lime-and-sulphur  dip 
for  cattle  scabies  is  made  in  the  proportion  of  12 
pounds  of  unslaked  lump  lime  or  16  pounds  of  com- 
mercial hydrated  lime  (not  air-slaked)  and  24  pounds 
of  flowers  of  sulphur  to  100  gallons  of  water. 

Directions  for  the  preparation  of  100  gallons  of  dip : 
Weigh  out  the  lime  and  sulphur.  Place  the  lime  in 
a  shallow,  water-tight  box  similar  to  a  mortar  box 
or  some  other  suitable  container,  and  add  water 
enough  to  form  a  lime  paste  or  lime  putty.  Sift  into 
the  lime  paste  the  flowers  of  sulphur  and  stir  well; 
then  place  the  lime-and-sulphur  paste  in  a  kettle, 
boiler,  or  tank  containing  30  gallons  of  boiling  water. 
Boil  the  mixture  for  2  hours  at  least,  stirring  fre- 
quently; add  water  occasionally  to  maintain  the 
original  quantity.  Allow  the  mixture  to  settle  in 
the  tank  or  draw  the  entire  contents  of  the  kettle  or 
boiling  tank  into  a  large  tub,  barrel,  or  settling 
tank  placed  near  the  dipping  vat  and  provided  with 
a  bunghole  about  4  inches  from  the  bottom,  and  then 
allow  ample  time  to  settle  until  the  liquid  is  clear. 
When  fully  settled  draw  off  the  clear  liquid  ihto  the 
dipping  vat,  taking  care  not  to  allow  any  sediment 
to  accompany  it,  as  the  sediment  will  injure  the  wool. 
The  clear  liquid  thus  obtained  requires  only  the 
addition  of  clear,  warm  water  enough  to  make  a 
solution  containing  2  per  cent  sulphide  sulphur.  By 
bringing  the  total  up  to  100  gallons  the  dip  will 
usually,  under  average  conditions,  test  2  per  cent  sul- 
phide sulphur.  Care  should  be  taken,  however,  not 
to  make  too  great  a  dilution  prior  to  testing. 

35.  The  lime-and-sulphur  dip  for  sheep  scabies  is 
prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  for  cat  le  scabies  ex- 
cept that  8  pounds  of  lump  lime  or  11  pounds  of  com- 
mercial hydrated  lime  (not  air-slaked)  should  be 
used,  and  the  solution  should  be  diluted  to  test  1.5 
per  cent  sulphide  sulphur. 

36.  The  nicotine  dip  for  scabies  of  cattle  or  sheep 
is  made  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  nicotine  solu- 
tion to  give  a  mixture  containing  not  less  than  five 
one-hundredths  of  1  per  cent  (0.05)  nicotine.  Suffi- 
cient nicotine,  therefore,  would  be  furnished  for  96 


9 

gallons  (about  800  pounds)  of  dip  by  1  pound  of  a 
40  per  cent  solution  of  nicotine.  The  formula  for  this 
dip  would  be:  Nicoine,  four-tenths  of  a  pound;  water, 
96  gallons. 

To  calculate  how  much  nicotine  solution  should  be 
used  for  96  gallons  of  water,  divide  the  quantity  of 
nicotine  required  in  the  dip  by  the  proportion  of  nico- 
tine in  the  solution.  For  example,  if  the  nicotine, 
solution  contained  25  per  cent  nico  ine,  we  have 
0.40^-0.25=1.6.  Theiefore,  in  this  case  it  would  re- 
quire 1.6  pounds  of  nicotine  solution  for  the  96  gallons 
of  dip.  Do  not  use  any  preparation  the  strength  of 
which  is  not  given  on  the  label  of  the  container. 

In  preparing  these  dips  the  nicotine  solution  should 
be  mixed  with  water  before  adding  it  to  the  water  in 
the  dipping  vat,  and  the  contents  of  the  vat  should  be 
stirred  while  the  mixture  is  being  added.  On  no  ac- 
count should  the  dip  be  heated  above  105°  F.  after 
the  nicotine  solution  is  added,  as  heat  is  liable  to 
evaporate  the  nicotine  and  weaken  the  dip. 

37.  Mixing  the  dip. — Mix  the  dip  thoroughly  in  the 
dipping  vat  by  stirring  lengthwise  in  the  vat  and  from 
top  to  bottom.  A  large  hoe  or  stirring  plunger  is  a 
good  instrument  to  use  in  stirring. 

38  Testing  lime-sulphur  dips. — To  test  the  lime- 
sulphur  dip  mix  the  bath  well,  let  it  settle  for  a  few 
minutes,  then  fill  a  clean,  dry  graduate  with  bath 
solution,  setting  top  edge  of  surface  on  the  zero  mark, 
and  pour  (draining  out  drops)  into  a  clean,  wide- 
mcuth  bottle. 

Rinse  the  graduate  with  clean  water  (or  rinse  with 
a  little  of  the  test  fluid),  shake  out  adhering  drops, 
and  fill  to  zero  mark  with  test  fluid. 

While  gently  swirling  bottle  containing  the  bath 
pour  in  test  fluid  from  the  graduate  until  the  yellow 
color  of  the  bath  becomes  faint.  Then  let  the  contents 
of  the  bottle  come  to  rest  and  gently  drop  on  the  sur- 
face one  drop  of  indicator  solution  from  the  dropping 
bottle.  Note  whether  a  violet  color  appears  where 
the  indicator  solution  mixed  with  the  bath.  If  color 
appears,  add  a  little  more  test  fluid  from  the  graduate, 
mix,  and  test  again  with  a  drop  of  indicator  solution. 
Continue  until  a  drop  of  indicator  solution  fails  to 
produce  any  color,  avoiding  the  addition  of  excess  test 
fluid. 

The  number  of  cubic  centimeters  of  test  fluid  added 
to  reach  just  the  point  where  color  with  indicator  solu- 


10 

tion  fails  to  appear  represents  tenths  of  1  per  cent  of 
sulphide  of  sulphur  in  the  bath. 

Note. — The  indicator  solution  should  not  be  more 
than  1  week  old.  Prepare  fresh  solution  by  dissolving 
one  "  tablet  for  indicator  solution  "  in  15  c.  c.  clean 
water  in  the  bottle.  Keep  test  fluid  in  glass-stoppered 
bottles  only  and  in  a  cool,  dark  place. 

39.  Testing  nicotine  dip. — To  test  the  nicotine  dip, 
measure  100  c.  c.  of  well-mixed  bath  into  the  titration 
bottle  (8-ounce  round  bottle),  rinse  graduate,  and 
then  measure  100  c.  c.  of  water  into  the  same  bottle. 
Add  the  contents  of  one  paper  of  precipitate  reagent 
to  the  liquid  in  the  titration  bottle,  stopper,  and  shake 
vigorously  for  two  minutes,  then  let  settle  quietly  for 
two  minutes  more. 

Open  out  a  large,  plaited  filter  in  the  glass  funnel 
and  support  the  bitter  in  the  mouth  of  the  100  c.  c. 
graduate.  Carefully  pour  the  contents  of  the  titration 
bottle  on  to  the  filter,  leaving  behind  most  of  the 
froth  and  precipitate.    Collect  100  c.  c.  of  the  filtrate. 

Rinse  the  titration  bottle  clean  with  water  and  pour 
into  it  the  100  c.  c.  of  filtrate.  Next  add  10  c.  c.  (from 
the  10  c.  c.  cylinder)  of  the  hydrochloric  acid, 
stopper,  and  shake  well  for  a  few  seconds.  Take  the 
stopper  out  and  touch  it  to  a  strip  of  test  paper. 
If  the  moistened  paper  does  not  show  a  deep-blue 
color,  add  2  c.  c.  more  of  hydrochloric  acid  or  until  a 
blue  color  is  produced. 

Fill  the  burette  with  the  red  test  fluid,  run  back 
a  little  through  the  stopcock  into  the  bottle  of  test 
fluid  (to  remove  air  trapped  in  the  stopcock),  then 
adjust  the  level  of  test  fluid  in  the  burette  at  the 
0.000  mark.  Now  into  the  liquid  in  the  titration  bottle 
run  out  test  fluid  from  the  burette  down  to  a  mark 
indicating  one  or  two  hundredths  per  cent  less  than 
the  hundredths  of  1  per  cent  of  nicotine  expected  to  be 
in  the  bath.  Stopper  the  bottle  and  shake  vigorously 
for  two  minutes. 

Open  a  small  filter  paper  into  a  cone,  grasp  it  by  the 
triple-thick  side  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  and 
fill  it  about  one-third  full  with  liquid  from  the  titra- 
tion bottle.  Let  the  first  five  <»r  six  drops  fall  back 
into  the  titration  bottle,  then  catch  both  cups  of  the 
black  plate  (which  must  be  strictly  clean  and  dry) 
level  full  of  the  filtered  liquid,  which  must  be  per- 
fectly clear.  Pour  back  into  the  bottle  any  liquid 
left  in  the  paper.  Now  into  the  liquid  in  ore  of  the 
cups  let  fall  from  the  dropper  one  drop  of  indicator 


11 

solution.  Carefully  observe  the  liquid  in  both  cups, 
holding  the  plate  in  various  lights.  If  no  difference 
can  be  detected  in  the  two  cups  after  about  half  a 
minute,  too  much  test  fluid  has  been  used  and  it  is 
necessary  to  repeat  the  whole  operation  from  the  be- 
ginning, using  less  test  fluid.  If  a  white  cloud  ap- 
pears in  the  cup  to  which  the  indicator  solution  was 
added,  an  additional  quantity  of  test  fluid,  equiva- 
lent to  0.005  or  0.010  per  cent  nicotine  (depending 
on  the  heaviness  of  the  cloud),  is  to  be  added  to  the 
titration  bottle,  and  the  shaking  and  testing  repeated. 
Proceed  thus  until,  after  the  last  addition  of  test 
fluid,  absolutely  no  cloud  can  be  detected  in  the  cup 
upon  treating  the  indicator  solution.  The  reading 
on  the  burette  gives  directly  the  per  cent  of  nicotine 
in  the  bath. 

Note. — If  the  measuring  cylinders,  etc.,  are  wet,  do 
not  use  them  until  adhering  drops  of  water  are  shaken 
out. 

All  the  measurements  are  to  be  made  with  the  top 
line  of  the  curved  surface  (meniscus)  of  the  liquid  on 
the  mark. 

The  indicator  solution  is  simply  a  little  of  the  test 
fluid  kept  apart  for  convenience. 

Caution. — Great  care  to  avoid  contamination  is  nec- 
essary in  making  the  test  on  the  black  plate.  The  fin- 
gers must  be  rinsed  clean  from  bath,  test  fluid,  etc., 
before  touching  the  filter  paper.  Do  not  allow  the 
latter  to  touch  the  mouth  of  the  bottle  or  anything 
else  except  the  clean  finger  tips.  Be  sure  that  the 
black  plate  is  absolutely  clean.  Look  very  carefully 
for  the  white  cloud  which  toward  the  end  is  only  faint 
and  may  not  be  noticed  at  first. 

40.  Frequent  tests  required. — Employees  supervis- 
ing the  dipping  of  sheep  and  cattle  should  rest  the  dip 
when  the  vat  is  charged  or  before  dippiug  is  com- 
menced and  thereafter  at  sufficiently  frequent  inter- 
vals to  ke  p  the  dip  at  the  uniform,  standard  strength. 
The  contents  of  the  vat  should  be  well  stirred  before 
the  test  is  made.  It  is  sometimes  necessary  to  allow 
a  few  animals  to  pass  through  the  vat  before  the  dip 
is  well  mixed.  Where  the  operations  are  continuous 
throughout  (he  day  and  large  numbers  of  animals  are 
dipped,  the  dip  should  be  tested  at  least  thiee  times  a 
day. 

41.  Temperature  of  dip. — After  the  dip  is  thor- 
oughly mixed,  take  the  temperature  at  different  parts 


, 


12 

of  the  vat;  see  that  it  is  uniform,  and  if  too  hot  or 
too  cold  add  cold  or  hot  water,  with  the  proper  pro- 
portion of  dip,  until  the  temperature  of  the  dip  is 
between  95°  arid  105°  F. ;  the  latter  temperature  should 
never  be  exceeded.  To  ascertain  the  temperature  hold 
a  thermometer  in  a  bucketful  of  dip  from  the  vat  and 
take  reading. 

42.  Injuries  in  chutes  and  vats. — Do  not  have  any 
projecting  boards,  nails,  etc.,  in  the  pens  or  chutes, 
or  any  crosspieces  or  projecting  timbers  in  the  vat 
where  the  animals  may  strike  them  and  be  wounded 
or  bruised. 

43.  Points  to  remember. — Remember  that  it  is  jus 
as  important  to  do  thorough  work  with  the  last  ani- 
mals dipped  as  with  the  first  ones. 

The  two  essential  things  are  a  reliable  dip  of  proper 
strength  properly  prepared  and  the  thorough  soaking 
of  the  entire  fleece  or  all  the  hair  with  the  dip. 

Select  good  weather  for  dipping,  particularly  avoid- 
ing wet  weather. 

Do  not  dip  too  late  in  the  afternoon  when  the  night 
is  chilly. 

Do  not  hold  animals  "  off  feed  and  water "  longer 
than  can  be  avoided. 

Do  not  have  the  incline  of  the  vat  so  steep  that 
animals  can  not  climb  out  easily. 

Have  suitable  dripping  pens  and  drying  corrals, 
and  do  not  load  animals  in  car  until  they  have  become 
dry. 

Handle  animals  as  carefully  as  possible,  and  the 
causes  of  shrinkage  in  dipping  will  be  avoided  to  a 
great  extent. 

Animals  that  are  in  good  condition  will  stand  the 
dippings  very  well,  even  when  the  weather  is  rather 
cold. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  DIPPED  ANIMALS 


44.  Infected  animals  dipped  twice  in  accordance 
with  the  regulations  will  be  regarded  as  "free"  un- 
less live  mites  are  found  on  them  or  unless  they  are 
exposed  afcer  five  days  subsequent  to  the  last  dipping, 
by  being  closely  confined  in  infectious  pens,  cars,  or 
other  inclosures. 

DIVERTING   SHIPMENTS   OF   CLEAN   CATTLE   OR   SHEEP 

45.  If  a  shipper  wishes  to  divert  part  of  a  shipment 
of  clean  cattle  or  sheep  to  a  point  other  than  that 


13 

mentioned  on  either  the  billing  or  the  bureau  certifi- 
cate of  inspection  covering  the  same,  it  may  be  done 
without  reinspection  if  the  stock  are  not  unloaded, 
provided  the  bureau  employee  or  the  railway  agent  at 
the  point  of  diversion  shall  note  over  his  own  signa- 
ture on  the  billing  accompanying  the  animals  so 
diverted,  the  number  and  date  of  the  bureau  cer- 
tificate, and  the  name  of  the  inspector  by  whom  it 
was  issued.  A  further  notation  should  be  made  on  the 
original  certificate  indicating  the  numbers  and  initials 
of  the  cars,  and  the  number  of  head  of  stock  so  di- 
verted as  well  as  their  destination.  The  notations 
required  above  to  be  made  on  the  new  billing  will 
stand  in  lieu  of  the  original  certificate,  which  should 
accompany  the  remainder  of  the  shipment  to  the  des- 
tination originally  mentioned.     (See  par.  114.) 

SARCOPTIC  SCABIES  OF  CATTLE 

46.  Classification. — Cattle  affected  with  sarcoptic 
scabies  should  be  classed  as  infected. 

47.  Dip  for  sarcoptic  scab. — Lime-sulphur,  nicotine, 
or  crude  petroleum  may  be  used  for  treating  cattle 
affected  with  sarcoptic  scab. 

48.  Number  of  treatments. — When  lime-sulphur  or 
nicotine  is  used,  four  treatments  or  dippings  is  the 
minimum  number  that  should  be  depended  on  to  ef- 
fect a  cure.  One  dipping  or  treatment  with  crude 
petroleum  usually  is  sufficient.  A  second  treatment 
should  be  given  in  about  one  week  if  the  condition  of 
the  lesions  indicates  that  the  first  treatment  has  not 
effected  a  cure. 

49.  Interval  between  treatments. — The  interval  be- 
tween treatments  should  be  six  or  seven  days. 

50.  Sorting  and  hand  dressing. — All  animals  that 
have  visible  lesions  of  scab  should  be  scrubbed  with  a 
brush  and  soaked  with  dipping  solution  just  before 
the  first  dipping. 

51.  Crude-petroleum  dip. — Crude-petroleum  dip  is 
effective  in  eradicating  sarcoptic  scab,  but  precautions 
should  be  taken  to  prevent  it  from  injuring  the  ani- 
nals.  Freshly  oiled  cattle  should  not  be  moved  rapidly, 
exposed  to  bright  sunshine,  or  allowed  to  become 
chilled.  A  cool,  shady  place  should  be  provided  near 
the  place  of  treatment  where  the  animals  may  be  quiet 
and  protected  for  at  least  three  days  after  the  oil  is 
applied. 


14 

52.  Dipping  in  oil. — Crude  petroleum  may  be  used 
cold.  Fill  the  vat  to  within  1  foot  of  the  dip  line 
and  add  oil  until  the  dip  is  flush  with  the  dip  line. 
The  oil  should  be  replenished  from  time  to  time  so 
that  there  may  be  sufficient  floating  oil  to  coat  the 
bodies  of  the  animals  as  they  pass  through  the  bath. 

53.  Spraying. — Where  no  vats  are  available  the  dips 
for  sarcontic  scab  may  be  applied  in  the  form  of  a 
spray.  In  spraying  infected  cattle  care  should  be 
taken  to  give  the  entire  surface  of  the  animal  a 
thorough  soaking. 

54.  Hand  treatment. — The  crude  oil  may  be  applied 
by  hand,  using  a  brush  or  mop  to  spread  it  over 
the  entire  surface  of  the  animal. 

LIP-AND-LEG  ULCERATION  OF  SHEEP 

55.  Sheep  should  be  considered  as  affected  with  the 
active  or  virulent  form  of  lip-and-leg  ulceration  when 
more  than  one  tissue  is  involved,  as  the  lips  and  feet, 
or  where  the  ulcerations  are  extensive  and  accom- 
panied with  considerable  pus  formation.  (See  regula- 
tion 1,  sec.  2.) 


PUBLIC  STOCKYARDS  ACTIVITIES 


56.  Inspections  of  incoming  shipments. — All  sheep, 
cattle,  and  hogs  received  at  stations  each  day  should 
be  inspected  for  sheep  scabies,  cattle  scabies,  hog 
cholera,  respectively,  and  other  contagious,  infectious, 
or  communicable  diseases.  Special  care  should  be 
taken  to  detect  any  symptoms  of  foot-and-mouth  dis- 
ease. So  far  as  it  is  possible  the  inspection  should  be 
made  at  the  time  of  unloading. 

57.  Inspection  of  southern  cattle. — When  shipments 
from  the  quarantined  area  are  received,  the  employee 
checking  waybills  should  make  certain  that  there  are 
certificates  showing  the  cattle  to  be  tick  free.  All 
such  shipments,  and  others  originating  in  territory 
adjacent  to  the  quarantined  area,  should  be  listed,  in 
order  that  the  cattle  may  be  inspected  especially  for 
ticks. 

58.  Patrol  inspection. — A  patrol  inspection  should 
be  made  each  day  prior  to  the  movement  of  animals  to 
the  scales.  This  daily  patrol  inspection  should 
include  all  "  holdovers." 

59.  Outgoing  shipments. — Whenever  practicable  an 
inspection  of  outgoing  shipments  should  be  made. 


15 

60.  State  requirements. — Commission  men,  ship- 
pers, and  all  other  persons  interested  should  be  fully 
informed  concerning  the  requirements  of  the  State  to 
which  animals  are  destined.  When  a  State  requires 
thai  sheep  or  cattle  be  dipped,  bureau  employees,  upon 
request,  should  supervise  the  work. 

61.  Sheep  pens  to  be  kept  clean. — Those  portions 
of  public  stockyards  used  for  the  reception  of  unin- 
fected shipments  of  sheep  should  be  cleaned  and  dis- 
infected each  time  after  the  introduction  of  infected 
sheep ;  in  any  event  they  should  be  cleaned  and  dis- 
infected at  least  once  each  year.  The  entire  section 
set  aside  for  free  sheep  should  be  cleaned  and  disin- 
fected as  rapidly  as  possible  after  the  work  is  started. 
The  time  selected  for  the  work  should  be  the  season 
when  the  receipts  are  lightest. 

IMMUNIZATION  OF  SWINE 

62.  Classification. — Hogs  immunized  under  super- 
vision are  divided  into  two  general  classes,  (A)  those 
which  may  be  disinfected  immediately  and  shipped 
within  from  3  to  24  hours  thereafter,  and  (B)  those 
which  must  be  held  under  quarantine  for  30  days. 

63.  Inspection. — All  swine  offered  for  immunization 
should  be  inspected  and  any  animals  showing  symp- 
toms of  communicable  diseases,  except  cholera,  or 
that  are  unsuitable  for  stocker  and  feeder  purposes, 
should  be  rejected. 

G4.  Class  A  hogs. — Swine  shall  not  be  accepted  for 
immunization  in  class  A  if  more  than  five  days  have 
elapsed  since  introduction  into  a  public  stockyard ;  if 
the  animals  show  symptoms  of  any  communicable 
disease,  including  cholera ;  or  if  as  many  as  15  per 
cent  of  the  herd  show  temperatures  of  104°  F.  or 
more.  If  a  considerable  percentage  of  the  animals  of 
a  lot  show  temperatures  above  104°,  treatment  under 
supervision  should  be  withheld  on  the  entire  lot. 
When  supervision  is  withheld  on  account  of  high  tem- 
peratures, however,  the  owner  or  agent  shall  have  the 
privilege,  subject  to  the  5-day  rule,  of  again  presenting 
the  lot  for  temperaturing. 

65.  Class  B  hogs. — All  swine  offered  for  immuniza- 
tion under  class  B  may  be  accepted  for  treatment  ex- 
cept those  showing  symptoms  of  communicable  dis- 
eases other  than  cholera  and  those  unsuitable  for 
stocker  and  feeder  purposes. 

4612°— 28 3 


16 

66.  Temperaturing. — All  animals  of  a  lot  should  be 
teinperatured  before  any  are  treated.  Time  enough 
should  be  allowed  in  every  case  for  the  thermometer 
to  register  the  actual  temperature  of  the  animal.  At 
the  time  of  temperaturing  the  animals  should  be  so 
marked  that  those  having  high  temperatures  as  well 
as  those  having  normal  temperatures  may  be  readily 
identified. 

67.  Supervision. — All  activities  connected  with  the 
immunization  of  hogs  should  be  supervised  by  veteri- 
nary inspectors.  Lay  inspectors  may  be  detailed  to 
assist  the  veterinary  inspectors. 

If  temperaturing  and  treatment  of  different  lots  are 
in  progress  at  the  same  time,  each  activity  should  re- 
ceive the  attention  of  one  or  more  employees. 

68.  Treatment. — Treatment  must  be  administered 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  a  veterinary  in- 
spector of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

The  field  of  injection  should  be  disinfected  by  the 
application  of  tincture  of  iodine  or  other  suitable 
disinfectant.  A  record  should  be  kept  of  the  license 
and  serial  numbers  of  all  serum  and  virus  used. 

69.  Disinfection. — Disinfection  of  swine  may  be  per- 
formed by  either  dipping  or  spraying,  the  latter  be- 
ing preferable  when  proper  facilities  are  available. 
The  temperature  of  the  dip  or  spraying  solution  while 
being  used  should  range  between  65°  and  85°  F.  The 
dip  should  be  changed  as  soon  as  it  becomes  filthy,  re- 
gardless of  the  number  of  animals  which  have  been 
in  it,  and  in  no  case  should  it  be  used  again  after 
it  is  30  days  old. 

70.  Facilities  and  equipment. — Suitable  facilities 
for  handling  the  animals  humanely  and  expeditiously 
should  be  provided  by  the  stockyards  company  or  other 
responsible  party.  Facilities  should  include  tempera- 
turing pens,  chutes,  "  catch  pens,"  and  vaccinating 
trough  of  good  material  and  proper  construction. 
There  should  be  abundant  light  in  the  vaccinating  divi- 
sion and  temperaturing  pens.  A  dipping  vat  or  ap- 
proved spraying  facilities  should  be  provided  for  the 
disinfection  of  animals  after  they  are  treated.  The 
part  of  the  yards  set  aside  for  immunizing  swine 
should  be  paved  and  have  floors  that  can  be  kept 
in  a  sanitary  condition.  This  section  of  the  yards 
should  be  divided  into  two  parts  in  such  manner  that 
the  injected  animals  may  be  moved  directly  from  the 
treating  pens  or  chute  through  the  dipping  vat  or 
approved  spraying  equipment  into  the  holding  pens. 


17 

The  holding  pens  should  be  cleaned  and  disinfected 
once  each  day  when  used. 

Where  the  winter  climate  is  severe,  means  should  be 
provided  to  protect  hogs  from  the  cold  after  disinfec- 
tion until  they  are  dry.  Inclosed  pens  used  for  that 
purpose  should  be  heated  if  the  climate  requires.  If 
heat  is  furnished,  however,  care  should  be  taken  to 
avoid  too  high  a  temperature.  Only  a  degree  of  heat 
sufficient  to  keep  the  animals  from  becoming  chilled 
should  be  permitted. 

Suitable  equipment  necessary  to  the  application  of 
proper  sanitary  measures,  including  serum  and  virus 
containers,  tables,  instruments,  trays,  etc.,  should  be 
provided. 

71.  Movement. — The  disinfected  swine  should  be 
loaded  within  24  hours  after  disinfection  is  completed, 
but  they  should  not  be  loaded  until  at  least  three 
hours  after  disinfection,  and  in  no  case  until  they 
are  dry.  The  work  should  be  so  arranged  that  the 
animals  will  be  shipped  on  the  day  they  are  dipped. 

Swine  may  be  held  in  the  yards  after  immunization 
and  several  lots  treated  at  different  times  may  be 
assembled,  if  desired,  provided  their  identity  as  im- 
munized hogs  is  strictly  maintained  and  disinfection 
before  shipment  is  in  accordance  with  provisions  of 
paragraph  69. 

72.  Shipments  unloaded  in  transit. — Interstate  ship- 
ments of  swine,  accompanied  by  a  certificate  show- 
ing them  to  have  been  immunized  by  a  competent  vet- 
erinarian, may  be  unloaded  for  feed,  water,  and  rest 
in  a  public  stockyard  provided  they  are  billed  to  a 
point  beyond.  Before  such  shipments  are  reloaded 
the  animals  shall  be  disinfected  under  bureau  super- 
vision in  the  manner  described  in  bureau  regulations, 
provided  their  identity  has  been  maintained.  After 
being  disinfected  they  shall  be  loaded  into  clean  and 
disinfected  cars  or  other  vehicles. 

TUBERCULOSIS  OF  CATTLE 

TUBERCULIN  TEST  FOR  CATTLE   SHIPPED   INTERSTATE 

73.  Cattle  moved  interstate  are  subject  to  the  tuber- 
culin test  as  set  forth  in  bureau  regulations.  The 
test  shall  be  applied  only  by  a  veterinarian  who  is 
a  graduate  of  a  duly  recognized  veterinary  college  and 
is  acceptable  to  the  bureau ;  his  competence  and  relia- 
bility must  be  certified  to  by  the  authorities  charged 


18 


with  the  control  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals  in 
the  State  of  origin,  or  by  a  bureau  veterinary  inspec- 
tor at  a  public  stockyard  or  other  regular  bureau 
station. 

TUBERCULIN   TESTING 

74.  Three  tests  are  used — the  intradermic,  the  sub- 
cutaneous, and  the  ophthalmic. 

75.  The  intradermic  test. — The  intradermic  test  is 
officially  recognized  by  the  bureau  and  is  extensively 
used. 

76.  Directions  for  applying  the  intradermic  test. — 
The  animals  should  be  restrained  and  the  site  of  in- 
jection should  be  the  caudal  fold  or  the  vulva,  which 
should  be  first  cleaned  with  alcohol  or  other  cleans- 
ing agent.  Disinfectants  are  not  recommended,  as 
they  may  cause  irritation  that  may  be  misleading 
when  observations  are  made.  The  needle  should  be 
inserted  between  the  layers  of  the  skin,  care  being 
taken  to  inject  neither  too  deeply  nor  too  superficially. 

The  dose  of  tuberculin  recommended  should  not  ex- 
ceed 2  minims  of  specially  prepared  intradermic  tuber- 
culin, and  should  be  regulated  by  the  gauge  on  the 
syringe. 

The  first  observation  should  be  made  on  or  about 
the  seventy-second  hour  after  the  injection.  If  tuber- 
culosis is  diagnosed  in  the  herd,  a  second  observation 
should  be  made  on  or  about  the  one  hundred  and 
twentieth  hour  after  the  injection,  and,  if  it  appears 
necessary,  an  observation  should  be  made  again  on  or 
about  the  one  hundred  and  forty-fourth  hour. 

Animals  which  show,  at  the  point  of  injection, 
swellings  that  may  be  either  hard  and  circumscribed 
or  soft  and  infiltrated  with  no  distinct  line  of  demar- 
cation should  be  classified  as  reactors  to  the  intra- 
dermic tuberculin  test.  Such  swellings  may  be  of 
various  sizes,  from  those  hardly  perceptible  to  the 
naked  eye  to  those  as  large  as  a  human  fist  or  larger. 
In  herds  showing  infection  very  small  infiltrations 
or  enlargements,  other  than  the  shotlike  nodules 
sometimes  found  at  the  point  of  injection,  should  be 
classed  as  reactions. 

Records  of  complete  tests  should  be  made  on  pre- 
scribed forms,  and  the  observations  should  be  re- 
ported in  accordance  with  the  following  code  which 
was  adopted  by  the  United  States  Livestock  Sani- 
tary Association,  and  approved  by  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry  on  December  6,  1920. 


19 


THE   INTRADERMIC-TEST   CODE 

Animals  showing  no  reaction  should  be  recorded 
at  each   observation   as   "N"    (negative). 

Reactors  should  be  recorded  as  follows : 

For  circumscribed  swellings,  "pea"  size  (diameter 
three-sixteenths  of  an  inch)  shall  be  used  as  the  basic- 
standard.  Larger  swellings  shall  be  reported  as  P2, 
P3,  P4,  P5,  etc.,  the  Figures  2,  3,  4,  and  5  referring 
to  twice,  thrice,  four  times,  and  five  times  the  size 
of  a  pea. 

For  diffused  swellings  "  thick  2X "  shall  be  used 
as  the  basic  standard  and  signifies  a  diffuse  swelling 
in  which  the  injected  caudal  fold  is  twice  as  thick  as 
the  normal  fold.  Larger  swellings  shall  be  recorded 
as  "  thick  3X,"  "  thick  4X,"  etc. 

77.  The  subcutaneous  test. — The  subcutaneous  test 
is  an  official  test,  and  may  be  used  on  cattle  certified 
for  interstate  shipment.  It  is  not  a  suitable  test  to 
apply  generally  when  the  animals  have  high  tem- 
peratures and  it  may  not  be  practicable  in  cases  of 
cattle  which  can  not  be  controlled  easily. 

78.  Directions  for  the  application  of  the  sub- 
cutaneous test. — So  far  as  practicable  the  cattle 
should  be  stabled  under  normal  conditions. 

The  cattle  should  be  fed  and  watered  in  the  cus- 
tomary manner,  except  that  it  should  be  done  im- 
mediately after  the  taking  of  temperatures.  Occa- 
sionally it  is  advisable  to  limit  the  quantity  of  con- 
centrated feed  or  hay  given  animals  under  test.  This 
is  especially  true  if  large  quantities  of  feed  are 
:  allowed. 

A  careful,  physical  examination  of  each  animal 
should  be  made  before  or  during  the  application  of 
the  test. 

During  the  period  immediately  before  the  injection 
of  tuberculin  each  animal's  temperature  should  be 
taken  at  least  three  times  at  not  less  than  2-hour 
intervals.  Care  should  be  taken  to  let  the  thermom- 
eter remain  inserted  long  enough  to  insure  accurate 
registration. 

Animals  showing  evidence  of  any  acute  disease  or 
condition  or  showing  pus  formation  or  pronounced 
abnormal  preliminary  temperatures  should  not  be 
injected  with  tuberculin. 

The  hypodermic  syringes  and  needles  should  be  dis- 
infected before  treating  any  herd  with  tuberculin. 
Before  being  used  for  the  injection  of  each  animal 


20 


needles  should  be  washed  in  a  disinfectant  solution. 
A  5  per  cent  solution  of  carbolic  acicl  is  suitable  for 
sterilizing  the  instruments.  Open  bottles  of  tuberculin 
should  be  protected  from  contamination.  Thermom- 
eters should  be  sterilized  before  the  temperatures  are 
taken  and  should  be  dipped  in  a  disinfectant  solution 
before  and  after  each  reading. 

For  cattle  which  are  apparently  healthy  and  have 
not  been  injected  with  tuberculin  within  a  period  of  at 
least  60  days  the  dose  of  tuberculin  prepared  by  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  is  as  follows : 

Two  cubic  centimeters  (0.25  gram  O.  T.)  for  calves 
up  to  1  year  of  age. 

Four  cubic  centimeters  (0.5  gram  O.  T.)  for  cattle 
more  than  1  year  old  and  up  to  maturity. 

Older  animals,  repeatedly  tested  animals,  or  those 
clinically  suspicious  may  receive  a  larger  dose.  The 
dosage  administered  should  be  based  mainly  on  the 
ages  of  the  animals  and  on  their  history  rather  than 
on  their  weight. 

The  taking  of  temperatures  following  the  injection 
of  tuberculin  should  commence  not  later  than  the 
eighth  hour  and  be  continued  every  two  hours  until 
the  eighteenth  hour  after  injection  when,  if  there  is  no 
tendency  for  the  temperature  to  rise,  the  test  may 
cease.  Temperatures  of  cattle  which  show  a  rising 
tendency  following  the  injection  of  tuberculin  should 
be  taken  more  frequently  and  over  a  longer  period 
of  time  in  order  to  insure  an  accurate  diagnosis.  Ex- 
perience has  shown  that  animals,  especially  those  of 
doubtful  record,  receiving  large  doses  of  tuberculin, 
may  respond  early  to  the  test,  and  veterinarians  are 
advised  to  obtain  temperatures  wherever  practicable 
at  from  the  fourth  to  the  sixth  hour  on  this  class  of 
cattle. 

Suspected  cattle  should  be  submitted  to  a  retest 
after  60  days.  This  class  of  cattle  and  those  which 
show  possible  physical  evidence  of  tuberculosis, 
emaciation,  old  age,  or  which  have  been  tested  re- 
peatedly, should  receive  double  the  dose  of  tuberculin 
indicated  above,  and  should  also  be  check  tested  by 
the  ophthalmic  method. 

A  rise  of  2°  F.  or  more  above  the  maximum  tem- 
perature observed  prior  to  the  injection  of  tuberculin 
or  a  temperature  above  103.8°  should  be  regarded 
as  an  indication  of  tuberculosis  provided  the  tempera- 
ture   reaction    shows    the    characteristic    "  rainbow " 


21 


curve.  An  elevation  of  temperature  higher  than  103.8° 
should  be  also  regarded  as  an  indication  of  tuber- 
culosis even  though  the  so-called  rainbow  curve  is 
replaced  by  what  is  termed  "  the  plateau." 

Animals  which  after  injection  show  a  rise  in  tem- 
perature of  2°  F.  with  a  maximum  of  between  103° 
and  103.8°,  us  well  as  those  which  show  a  rise  of  less 
than  2°  with  a  maximum  temperature  of  103.8°,  are 
regarded  as  suspicious.  The  presence  of  a  general 
systemic  reaction  or  a  typical  curve  should  be  con- 
sidered in  determining  the  classification  between  sus- 
pects and  reactors. 

79.  The  ophthalmic  test. — The  ophthalmic  test  alone 
is  not  accepted  by  the  bureau  for  testing  cattle  for 
interstate  shipment.  It  has,  however,  been  valuable 
as  a  check  test  in  combination  with  the  intradermic 
and  subcutaneous  tests. 

DIRECTIONS    FOR    THE    APPLICATION    OF   THE 
OPHTHALMIC  TEST 

80.  The  test  produces  the  best  results  when  a  sensi- 
tizing disk  is  used  prior  to  the  installation  of  the 
diagnostic  disks.  The  disk  should  be  inserted  into 
the  left  eye  under  the  upper  lid  at  the  extreme  lateral 
angle.  The  hand  should  be  held  over  the  eyelid  for 
about  half  a  minute  in  order  that  the  disk  may  not  be 
displaced  by  the  winking  eye. 

Take  observations  following  the  placing  of  the  sensi- 
tizing disk,  if  possible,  commencing  at  about  the 
second  hour  and  repeating  them  every  two  hours  for 
not  less  than  eight  hours.  These  observations  are 
desirable,  though  not  essential. 

If  the  test  is  made  in  conjunction  with  the  intra- 
dermic method,  the  diagnostic  disks  are  placed,  prefer- 
ably, on  or  about  the  seventy-second  hour  following  the 
sensitizing  disk.  If  it  is  made  with  the  subcutaneous 
test,  it  is  permissible  to  place  the  diagnostic  disk  at 
about  the  fourteenth  hour  after  the  sensitizing  disk  or 
at  the  time  of  the  second  post-injection  temperature. 

Observations,  following  the  placing  of  the  diagnostic 
disks,  should  be  taken  at  the  second  hour  and  not  to 
exceed  2-hour  intervals  up  to  the  eighth  hour  or 
longer.  More  frequent  observations  of  badly  infected 
herds  may  be  taken ;  some  animals  are  very  slow  in 
responding  to  the  test. 

Reactions  are  indicated  usually  by  lachrymation 
and  redness  of  the  conjunctiva,  possibly  swelling,  and 


22 


a  free  discharge  of  mucopurulent  pus.  This  typical 
discharge  should  not  be  confused  with  an  occasional 
mucous  discharge  sometimes  seen  at  the  inner  canthus 
as  a  result  of  the  introduction  of  any  foreign  material. 
Occasionally  a  tuberculin  disk  may  cause  this  slight, 
faint,  mucous  discharge  of  whitish  appearance,  espe- 
cially if  the  tuberculin  disks  have  not  been  properly 
placed. 

The  observations  made  following  the  use  of  ophthal- 
mic tuberculin  should  be  reported  on  prescribed  forms 
and  in  accordance  with  the  following  symbols :  A. 
Animals  negative  to  the  test  should  be  reported  "  N  " 
(negative).  B.  The  animal  whose  tested  eye  exhibits 
dark,  albuminous  exudate  equivalent  in  volume  to  8 
minims  or  more  should  be  reported  by  the  use  of  the 
symbol  "  PX."  If  the  exudate  exhibits  granular  casts 
or  flakes  of  a  yellowish  tint,  the  report  should  read 
"  PXX."  When  the  exudate  tends  to  smear  over  the 
ball  and  pupil  of  the  eye,  note  the  fact  with  the 
symbol  "  PXXX."  The  following  table  indicates  the 
proper  method  of  reporting  ophthalmic  observations. 

Animal 
No.       2  p.  m.       4  p.  m.      6  p.  m.         8  p.  m.  Remarks 

1  N  MV         PX  PXXX         Reacted. 

2  N  N  N  N  Negative. 

Animals  indicating  less  than  8  minims  of  a  typical 
discharge  should  be  classed  as  suspicious,  and  the 
amount  of  discharge  shown  by  the  letter  "  M  "  fol- 
lowed by  the  roman  numeral.  If  the  amount  of 
discharge  is,  for  example,  4  minims,  indicate  by 
"  MIV." 

In  classing  animals  as  suspects  extreme  care  should 
be  used  to  take  into  consideration  the  characteristic 
appearance  of  the  discharge  and  not  to  class  merely 
as  suspicious  those  animals  which  give  only  a  limited 
amount  of  very  typical  discharge.  Such  animals 
should  be  classed  as  reactors. 

IDENTIFICATION  OF  ANIMALS 

81.  Grade  animals  which  have  passed  a  tuberculin 
test  should  be  identified  by  approved  metal  tags. 
Purebred  animals  which  have  passed  the  test  suc- 
cessfully need  not  be  tagged  except  on  the  request  of 
the  owner.  This  class  of  animals  is  identified  by  the 
registration  names  and  numbers.  All  animals  react- 
ing to  the  tuberculin  test  must  be  marked  for  identifi- 


23 

cation  by  attaching  to  the  left  ear  a  metal  tag  bearing 
a  serial  number  and  the  inscription  "  U.  S.  B.  A.  I. 
Reacted,"  or  a  suitable  tag  supplied  by  the  State  in 
which  the  cooperative  work  is  performed ;  they  should 
likewise  be  marked  by  branding  the  letter  T  not  less 
than  2  nor  more  than  3  inches  high  on  the  left  jaw. 

LIMIT  ON  REACTORS  IN  LOTS 

82.  When  25  per  cent  of  a  lot  of  cattle  react  to  the 
tuberculin  test  the  remainder  of  the  lot  shall  not  be 
moved  interstate  without  proper  retest. 

INTERSTATE    MOVEMENT    OF    TUBERCULOUS    ANIMALS 

83.  The  complete  regulations  governing  the  inter- 
state movement  of  known  tuberculous  'animals  are 
contained  in  printed  orders  of  the  bureau.  When 
cattle  react  to  the  tuberculin  test  the  veterinarian  who 
made  the  test  must  furnish  the  owner  with  detailed 
information  as  to  the  conditions  under  which  he  may 
ship  them  interstate.  Cattle  which  react  to  the  tuber- 
culin test  shall  not  be  moved  interstate  unless  accom- 
panied by  a  T.  E.  Form  27  certificate. 

REPORTS 

84.  WThen  cattle  are  tested  by  a  veterinarian  other 
than  a  bureau  inspector  the  original  and  one  copy 
of  the  tuberculin-test  chart  and  health  certificate  shall 
be  sent  to  the  livestock  sanitary  officer  of  the  State 
from  which  the  cattle  are  to  be  shipped  or  moved,  and 
on  approval  by  him  the  original  copy  shall  be  for- 
warded to  the  bureau ;  one  copy  of  the  test  chart  and 
health  certificate  shall  be  sent  to  the  proper  live- 
stock sanitary  official  of  the  State  of  destination  in 
ample  time  to  reach  him  before  the  arrival  of  the 
cattle  at  destination,  and  one  copy  of  the  test  chart 
and  health  certificate  shall  accompany  the  cattle  to 
destination.  (Each  State  will  be  expected  to  pro- 
vide the  approved  veterinarians  with  blank  forms  of 
tuberculin-test  charts  and  health  certificates  along  the 
lines  of  those  used  by  the  bureau,  but  present  forms 
may  be  used  until  exhausted.) 

DISINFECTION 

85.  Following  the  removal  of  reactors  from  a  herd 
of  cattle,  a  careful  cleaning  and  disinfecting  of  the 


24 


stables  and  premises  should  be  made.  Special  atten- 
tion should  be  given  to  the  water  trough.  It  is  very 
important  that  a  liberal  supply  of  fresh  air  and  sun- 
light be  provided  for  stables.  For  an  auimal  weigh- 
ing 800  pounds  or  more,  1,000  cubic  feet  of  air  space 
and  4  square  feet  of  glass  should  be  provided.  For 
further  information  on  the  disinfection  of  premises 
see  Farmers'  Bulletin  954. 

TUBERCULIN 

86.  Tuberculin  is  a  product  prepared  by  sterilizing 
filtering,  and  concentrating  the  liquid  in  which  the 
tubercle  bacilli  have  been  allowed  to  vegetate.  It 
contains  the  cooked  products  of  the  growth  of  the 
bacilli,  but  not  the  bacilli  themselves.  Since  its  dis- 
covery, in  1*890,  the  test  has  been  recognized  as  a 
remarkably  accurate  method  of  detecting  tuber- 
culosis even  in  the  early  stages,  when  the  disease  has 
made  but  little  progress.  Additional  information  on 
the  tuberculin  testing  of  livestock  is  contained  in 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  Circular  No. 
249,  Tuberculin  Testing  of  Livestock. 

CLEANING  AND  DISINFECTING  CARS,  YARDS, 

AND  PREMISES 

87.  Equipment  for  cleaning. — In  providing  equip- 
ment for  the  cleaning  and  disinfection  of  cars  arrange- 
ments should  be  made  so  that  the  cars  may  be  washed 
with  water  prior  to  the  application  of  the  disinfectant, 
after  which  they  should  be  treated  with  a  permitted 
disinfectant. 

88.  Disposal  of  litter  and  manure. — The  litter  and 
manure  removed  from  cars,  boats,  other  vehicles,  pens, 
chutes,  alleys,  or  other  premises  which  have  contained 
southern  cattle,  shall  be  destroyed  or  disinfected 
under  bureau  supervision. 

89.  Placard  cars  and  notify  carriers. — As  soon  as 
it  is  ascertained  that  any  car  is  infected,  an  F.  I. 
Form  57  card  should  be  securely  attached  to  each 
side  of  the  car  if  it  does  not  already  bear  a  placar  i 
indicating  that  the  car  must  be  cleaned  and  disin- 
fected under  bureau  supervision.  Notices  given  over 
the  telephone  must  be  confirmed  in  writing. 

90.  Cars  removed  without  cleaning  and  disinfec- 
tion.— If  infected  cars  are  removed  without  cleaning 
and  disinfection,  the  matter  should  be  immediately 


1 


25 


taken  up  with  the  carrier  responsible  and  vigorous 
measures  takon  to  have  them  located  and  returned 
for  such  treatment.  If  the  efforts  of  the  railroad  offi- 
cials to  accomplish  this  are  lax  or  indifferent,  that 
fact  should  be  reported  to  the  bureau.  Railroad  yards 
at  bureau  stations  should  be  searched  frequently  for 
infected  cars  in  order  that  any  of  that  kind  on  hand 
may  be  disinfected,  and  if  any  have  been  removed 
measures  must  be  taken  promptly  to  have  them  lo- 
cated and  returned. 

91.  Responsibility. — The  common  carrier  delivering 
shipments  to  the  unloading  chutes  or  platforms  should 
be  held  responsible  as  a  rule  for  the  cleaning  and  dis- 
infection of  cars.  When  this  is  not  done,  other  speci- 
fic arrangements  must  be  made  in  accordance  with  the 
regulations  so  that  both  the  inspector  and  the  carrier 
will  always  know  where  the  responsibility  rests. 

92.  Hog-cholera  cars. — Cars  which  have  contained 
swine  affected  with  cholera  must  be  cleaned  and  dis- 
infected if  the  disease  is  detected  in  the  live  animals 
the  same  day  they  are  unloaded.  For  the  purpose  of 
this  provision  the  day  shall  be  considered  as  begin- 
ning at  3  p.  m.  and  ending  24  hours  later.  Cars 
should  not  be  held  for  cleaning  and  disinfection  on 
account  of  cholera  which  is  detected  on  post-mortem 
inspection  under  the  meat-inspection  regulations. 

93.  Supervision  of  disinfection. — Employees  de- 
tailed to  supervise  the  disinfection  of  cars,  yards,  and 
premises  should  see  that  only  permitted  disinfectants 
are  used  in  official  disinfection  and  that  the  containers 
of  saponified  cresol  solution  are  properly  labeled  to 
show  the  trade  name.  The  product  must  be  diluted 
and  prepared  for  use  only  under  the  supervision  of  a 
bureau  employee. 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  USE  OF  FORMS 

Note. — Only  regularly  appointed  employees  of  the  bureau 

are  permitted  to  use  its  forms.     They  should  therefore  not  be 

.delivered  to  State  employees  or  others  for  rendering  reports. 

INSPECTION  AND  DIPPING  FOR  TICKS 

94.  F.  I.  Form  48  is  used  for  certifying  interstate 
shipments  of  cattle  on  inspection  or  dipping  under  the 
provisions  of  the  regulations  governing  the  interstate 
shipment  of  cattle  of  the  quarantined  area.  Certifi- 
cates issued  at  points  in  the  field  shall  not  be  delivered 


26 


to  the  transportation  company  until  the  inspector  has 
seen  the  cattle  covered  by  same  loaded  without  ex- 
posure into  clean  cars. 

9  >.  t\  I.  Form  48-A  is  used  for  reporting  dipping 
and  F.  I.  Form  48-B  in  reporting  inspections  of  cattle 
for  interstate  movement.  One  copy  of  these  reports 
should  be  sent  to  the  bureau  and  a  copy  promptly 
forwarded  to  the  bureau  or  State  official  at  destination. 

96.  Tick  Form  48-K  is  an  application  for  inspection 
and  dipping  for  ticks  and  waiver  for  loss  or  damage 
therefrom.  This  form  must  be  properly  executed  by 
the  owner  or  his  authorized  agent  before  bureau  in- 
spection and  supervision  for  dipping  is  furnished. 

97.  Records  to  be  kept. — The  record  of  each  inter- 
state shipment  as  covered  by  the  copy  of  F.  I.  Form 
48,  the  report  F.  I.  Form  4S-A  or  48-B,  and  the  Tick 
Form  48-K  shall  be  carefully  filed  in  the  field  office 
and  held  as  a  permanent  record. 

98.  Report  tick-infested  shipments. — When  a  ship- 
ment, whether  in  transit  or  at  destination,  is  found 
to  be  tick-infested,  the  inspector  at  the  point  where 
the  infestation  is  found  should  immediately  report  it 
to  the  bureau,  sending  a  copy  of  his  report  to  the 
inspector  in  charge  of  the  district  in  which  the  ship- 
ment originated.  This  report  may  be  made  by  letter 
or  on  F.  I.  Form  48-B,  using  the  back  of  the  form  for 
such  additional  information  as  is  pertinent.  A  speci- 
men of  the  t'cks  found  shall  be  forwarded  to  the 
bureau  for  identification. 


INSPECTION  AND  DIPPING  FOR  SCABIES 


j 


99.  F.  I.  forms  to  use. — The  F.  I.  Form  24  series 
should  be  used  in  reporting  all  inspections  and  dip- 
pings of  sheep.  The  F.  I.  Form  48  series  should  be 
used  for  like  purpose  in  reporting  cat  ie.  F.  I.  Forms 
24-A  and  48-A  are  to  be  used  for  reporting  dippings 
and  24-B  and  48-B  for  reporting  inspections  of  sheep 
and  cattle,   respectively. 

100.  Reinspections. — No  distinction  should  be  made 
between  "  Inspections  "  and  "  Reinspections."  They 
should  all  be  reported  as  "  Inspections,"  but  reference 
should  be  made  to  former  inspections  when  possible. 

101.  Separate  reports  for  each  lot. — Each  lot  of 
cattle  or  sheep  dipped  for  scabies  should  be  promp  ly 
and  carefully  reported  on  the  proper  forms — F.  I.  48-A 
for  cattle  and  F.  I.  24-A  for  sheep — by  the  em- 
ployee supervising  the  same.     Separate  slips  should 


27 

be  used  for  each  condition  (infected,  exposed,  or 
free).  If  the  animals  dipped  are  infected  and  have 
been  previously  inspected  by  a  bureau  employee  dur- 
ing the  calendar  year  then  current,  the  report  of  dip- 
ping should  lefer  briefly  ,o  the  report  of  previous  in- 
spection ;  thus  "  Smith,  6/28/18."  The  report  of  a 
second  dipping  should  always  refer  to  the  date  of 
the  first  dipping.  When  one  employee  makes  the 
inspection  and  another  supervises  the  dipping  the 
former  should  report  the  "  Inspections  "  and  the  lat- 
ter the  "  Dippings." 

102.  Notice  of  shipment  under  certificate. — Notice 
of  shipments  of  cattle  or  sheep  under  buioau  certifi- 
cate, in  placarded  cars,  should  be  promptly  forwarded 
on  F.  I.  Form  48-B  for  cattle  and  F.  I.  Form  24-B 
for  sheep  to  the  proper  bureau  representative  at  un- 
loading points  in  transit  and  at  destination  in  order 
that  the  notice  may  arrive  prior  to  receipt  of  the  ani- 
mals. Such  report  should  give  full  information  as 
required  by  the  forms,  including  date  of  dipping  in  the 
ca.^e  of  "  dipped  scabby  "  animals.  Such  notices  should 
be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  inspector  to  whom  they  are 
addressed. 

103.  Infected  animals  dipped  once. — When  infected 
animals  are  shipped  after  one  dipping  under  the  super- 
vision of  an  employee  of  the  bureau,  they  must  be 
handled  as  "  Infected  "  and  so  reported  by  employees 
at  unloading  stations  in  transit  and  at  destination. 
The  cleaning  and  disinfection  of  cars  and  yards,  how- 
ever, are  not  required  on  account  of  having  contained 
dipped  scabby  sheep  or  cattle  unless  live  mites  are 
found  on  the  animals  after  dipping. 

104.  Separate  reports  for  each  certificate. — When 
one  owner  has  separate  lots  of  animals  inspected  or 
dipped  and  a  certificate  (F.  I.  Form  24  or  48)  is  issued 
for  each  lot  a  separate  report  should  be  made  of  the 
animals  covered  by  each  certificate. 

105.  Employees  working  together. — When  two  or 
more  employees  work  together  in  the  inspection  or 
dipping  of  the  same  animals,  but  one  set  of  reports 
should  be  made,  and  should  be  signed  by  each  em- 
ployee. 

106.  Care  in  making  reports. — All  reports  (F.  I. 
Forms  24-A,  24-B,  48- A,  and  48-B)  must  be  executed 
with  caie,  and  special  attention  should  be  given  to  the 
following  entries: 


28 


(a)  Location  of  animals. — The  town  or  station  an 
State  where  the  inspection  is  made  or  the  dipping 
supervised  must  be  given.  If  not  at  or  near  a  station, 
then  the  county,  State,  and  locality  must  be  desig- 
nated. If  animals  are  infected,  the  owner's  name 
and  correct  address  must  always  be  given,  and  also 
the  origin  of  the  animals,  or  the  place  where  they 
became  infected;  this  information,  if  possible,  should 
include  the  county  a  swell  as  the  town  and  State. 

{b)  Date  of  report. — The  date  of  the  report  should 
be  the  same  as  the  date  on  which  the  inspection  is 
made  or  dipping  supervised,  and,  if  the  inspection  and 
dipping  of  one  lot  of  animals  should  require  more 
than  one  day,  all  the  dates  should  be  given. 

(c)  Number  and  condition  of  animals. — The  num- 
ber of  animals  inspected  or  dipped  should  be  entered 
on  the  line  corresponding  to  the  condition  (infected, 
exposed,  or  free)  of  the  animals  at  the  time  the  in- 
spection is  made  or  dipping  supervised. 

(d)  Kind  of  dip  used. — When  reporting  a  dipping 
the  kind  of  dip  must  be  stated  under  either  of  the 
following  classes :  Nicotine,  abbreviated  thus,  N ;  lime 
and  sulphur,  abbreviated  thus,  L.  &  S.  Trade  names 
of  dips  must  not  appear  on  reports. 

(e)  Number  of  dippings. — Each  report  of  dipping 
should  be  made  to  show  which  dipping  it  covers  by 
crossing  out  the  words  "  first  dipping  "  or  "  second  dip- 
ping," or  by  crossing  out  both  "  first "  and  "  second  " 
and  inserting  "  third  "  when  necessary. 

if)  When  animals  change  owners. — Whenever  a 
band  or  herd  of  infected  animals  changes  owners  be- 
tween inspection  and  last  dipping,  mention  of  the 
former  own*  r  should  always  be  made  on  later  reports. 

107.  Unloading  and  diverting  in  transit. — More 
than  one  certificate  covering  the  same  animals  must 
not  be  outstanding  at  the  same  time.  When  a  certi- 
fied shipment  is  unloaded  in  transit  and  is  divided  and 
reconsigned  to  different  points,  or  when  for  any  cause 
the  point  of  destination  is  changed  after  a  shipment 
has  gone  forward,  new  certificates  should  be  issued 
only  after  a  cnreful  reinspection  of  the  animals.  In 
all  such  cases  the  employee  who  issues  new  certificates 
should  take  up  the  old  ones  and  attach  them  to  the 
report  covering  his  own  inspection  of  the  animals. 
(See  paragraph  45.) 

108.  Certificates  and  duplicates. — When  a  certificate 
Is  issued  a  duplicate  should  be  properly  filled  out  and 
signed  at  the  same  time,  and  when  all  the  certificates 


29 


In  a  book  have  been  issued  the  book  of  duplicates 
should  be  forwarded  to  the  inspector  or  officer  in 
charge,  who  will  retain  them  in  his  office.  Sheep 
should  be  certified  on  F.  I.  Form  24  and  cattle  on  F.  I. 
Form  48,  and  when  shipment  is  made  the  certificate 
must  be  attached  to  the  billing  accompanying  the  ship- 
ment. 

109.  Detection  of  disease  in  transit. — When  a  ship- 
ment of  cattle  or  sheep,  whether  in  transit  or  at  desti- 
nation, is  found  to  be  affected  with  9cabies,  the 
inspector  at  the  point  where  the  disease  is  detected 
should  immediately  forward  notices  of  the  condition 
of  the  animals  to  the  proper  State  official  and  to  the 
inspector  in  charge  of  the  district  in  which  the  ship- 
ment originated.  These  notices  should  be  prepared  on 
F.  I.  Form  24-B  for  sheep  and  F.  I.  Form  48-B  for 
cattle  and  mailed  as  early  as  possible,  in  order  to 
facilitate  the  prompt  disinfection  of  the  yards*  and 
pens  through  which  the  animals  were  handled.  In 
such  cases  the  report  (F.  I.  Form  24-B  or  48-B)  sent 
to  the  Washington  office  should  bear  a  notation  indi- 
cating that  notices  were  given  as  directed  above. 
Care  should  be  taken  by  those  having  the  matter  in 
charge  to  see  that  the  instructions  are  always  com- 
plied with. 

110.  Yards  and  pens. — The  cleaning  and  disinfection 
of  yard3  and  pens  should  be  reported  promptly  on  a 
separate  F.  I.  Form  24-B. 

Pens  in  which  cattle  or  sheep  affected  with  scabies 
are  yarded  should  be  cleaned  and  disinfected  but 
the  alleys  and  passageways  leading  to  the  pens  need 
not  be  considered  infectious  and  disinfection  need 
not  be  required  unless  the  animals  are  closely  crowded 
and  held  therein  for  a  considerable  period. 

The  cleaning  and  disinfection  of  small  loading 
yards  infected  by  scabby  cattle  or  sheep  should  be 
supervised  by  State  officials,  but  if  this  supervision 
is  not  available,  railroad  supervision  may  be  accepted. 
When,  however,  infected  cattle  and  sheep  have  been 
handled  through  stockyards  which  are  regularly  used 
in  the  feeding,  watering,  and  resting  of  interstate 
shipments  of  livestock,  the  infected  premises  should 
be  disinfected  under  bureau  supervision. 

TO  INSPECTORS  IN  CHARGE  OF  STATIONS 

111.  Infected   animals   received   at   stations. — One 

report  should  be  made  on  F.  I.  Form  24-B  to  cover 
each  shipment  of  infected  sheep ;  also  a  separate  48-B 


30 

report  should  be  made  to  cover  the  number  of  visibly 
affected  cattle  in  each  consignment  received.  When 
the  infected  animals  have  been  previously  inspected 
by  a  bureau  employee  during  the  calendar  year  then 
current,  the  fact  should  be  noted  on  the  report,  giving 
the  name  of  the  employee  and  the  number  of  the  cer- 
tificate issued  by  him,  thus,  "-Smith  58LJ79,"  or  if  no 
certificate  was  issued,  thus,  "Smith  6/15/27."  F.  I. 
Forms  24-B  and  48-B  reports  covering  infected  ani- 
mals at  public  stockyards  should  be  forwarded  to  the 
Washington  office. 

112.  Infected  cattle  received  at  stockyards. — All 
cattle  visibly  affected  with  scabies  received  at  market 
centers  or  inspected  en  route  should  be  reported  on 
the  face  of  48-B  as  infected,  and  a  notation  made  on 
the  back  of  the  form  showing  the  total  number  of 
cattle  in  the  shipment. 

113.  Tracing  origin  of  infected  animals. — When 
scabby  animals  are  received  the  fact  should  be  re- 
ported to  the  inspector  in  charge  at  point  of  origin. 
On  receipt  of  such  report  the  inspector  in  charge 
should  make  energetic  efforts  to  ascertain  the  first 
point  of  origin  in  order  that  measures  may  be  taken 
to  eradicate  the  disease  from  the  original  herd. 

114.  Exposed  and  free  animals  received  at  sta- 
tions.— A  record  should  be  kept  to  cover  the  receipt 
each  day  of  the  whole  number  of  exposed  cattle,  free 
cattle,  exposed  sheep,  and  free  sheep.  The  data  con- 
tained in  this  record  should  be  used  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  F.  I.  Form  24-C  and  F.  I.  Form  48-C  reports. 

115.  Monthly  reports. — In  preparing  the  monthly 
F.  I.  Forms  24-C  and  48-C  reports,  care  should  be 
taken  to  enter  correctly  the  daily  inspections  and 
dippings,  and  all  totals  should  be  verified.  In  report- 
ing the  number  of  certificates,  the  number  issued  dur- 
ing the  month  and  also  the  serial  numbers  so  issued 
should  be  given.  The  notation  "  Stockyards  "  should 
appear  on  all  24-C  or  48-C  reports  covering  work 
in  public  stockyards.  The  notation  "  Eradication " 
should  appear  on  those  covering  work  at  points  other 
than  public  stockyards. 

INSPECTION  AND  IMMUNIZATION  OF  SWINE 

116.  F.  I.  Form  12  certificates  should  be  issued  cover- 
ing each  lot  or  shipment  of  hogs  immunized  under 
supervision.  The  certificates  should  not  be  issued  for 
movement  of  immunized  swine  to  any  State,  however, 


31 

unless  arrangements  have  been  made  for  segregation 
and  quarantine  as  provided  in  the  regulations. 

117.  F.  I.  Form  12-A  should  be  used  to  report  each 
lot  or  shipment  of  swine,  including  shipments  of  im- 
munized hogs  unloaded  in  transit  for  feed,  water,  and 
rest.  These  reports  should  show  all  the  information 
called  for  by  the  headings  on  the  form,  except  "  Serial 
numbers."  The  manner  of  movement  should  be  shown 
by  a  notation,  such  as  "  Driven  "  or  "  Hauled,"  as  the 
case  may  be.  Reports  covering  shipments  unloaded  in 
transit  should  contain  all  available  information. 
Copies  of  Form  12-A  should  be  mailed  to  State  of- 
ficials and  the  bureau  inspector  in  charge  of  hog- 
cholera  control  in  State  of  destination.  When  Class  B 
swine  are  immunized  a  copy  of  F.  I.  Form  12-A 
should  be  sent  to  the  Washington  office. 

118.  F.  I.  Form  12-C  report  should  be  rendered 
monthly  and  mailed  to  the  Washington  office  as  soon 
as  possible  after  the  close  of  the  month.  The  total 
number  disinfected  should  include  shipments  unloaded 
in  transit  as  well  as  those  disinfected  after  immuniza- 
tion at  the  station.  Under  "  Remarks  "  enter  the  num- 
ber of  hogs  disinfected  on  account  of  being  unloaded 
in  transit. 

119.  Station  record. — A  complete  record  should  be 
kept  at  each  station  showing  serial  numbers  of  serum 
and  virus  as  well  as  all  data  necessary  in  filling  in 
the  F.  I.  Form  12  series. 

VIOLATIONS   OF   THE   28-HOUR   LAW 

120.  All  billing  of  interstate  shipments  of  livestock 
should  be  checked  on  arrival  of  the  animals.  All  ap- 
paient  violations  of  the  28-hour  law,  except  as  noted 
in  paragraphs  131  and  132  hereinafter,  should  be  re- 
ported on  the  F.  I.  Form  59  series.  Great  care  should 
be  exercised  to  avoid  errors  in  all  reports  and  other 
papers. 

121.  All  reports  and  papers  concerning  each  case 
reported  should  be  prepared  in  quadruplicate.  They 
should  be  marked,  respectively,  "  Original,"  "  Dupli- 
cate," "  Triplicate,"  and  "  Copy,"  and  assembled  ac- 
cordingly. Each  set  should  be  complete.  The  set 
marked  "  Copy "  should  be  filed  in  the  local  office 
and  the  other  three  sets  forwarded  to  Washington. 
Cases  should  be  reported  promptly  and  no  letter  of 
transmLtal  is  necessary.  Cases  should  be  numbered 
in  the  order  in  which  they  are  forwarded,  and  all 


32 

forms  and  other  papers  should  bear  their  respective 
numbers. 

122.  All  questions  on  F.  I.  Form  59-B  should  be 
answered  in  full,  giving  a  complete  history  of  the 
case  so  far  as  it  is  obtainable  at  the  station. 

123.  Exact  copies  of  the  revenue  waybills,  feed 
waybills,  and  running  slip,  if  any,  covering  the  cars 
reported  should  be  made  on  F.  I.  Forms  59-C  and 
59-D. 

124.  No  reports  of  apparent  violations  in  a  train 
should  be  forwarded  until  the  entire  train  has  been 
checked,  as  reports  of  all  alleged  violations  occurring 
therein  should  be  forwarded  at  the  same  time.  A 
notation  to  the  effect  that  all  violations  in  the  train 
are  included  should  be  made  under  "  Remarks "  on 
page  5  of  Form  59-B.  If  at  a  later  date  additional 
cases  in  any  train  are  disclosed,  reports  of  same 
should  refer  to  the  case  numbers  previously  reported 
from  that  train. 

125.  On  account  of  the  difference  in  watches,  no 
report  of  any  kind  should  be  made  of  any  apparent 
violation  of  10  minutes  or  less. 

126.  Where  trunk-line  carriers  deliver  cars  at  un- 
loading docks,  violations  of  more  than  10  minutes,  but 
not  exceeding  25  minutes,  should  be  reported  by  let- 
ter, briefly  setting  for'h  the  facts  and  making  a  rec* 
ommendation  in  the  premises;  provided  that  for  the 
purpose  of  this  instruction  the  carrier's  responsi- 
bility shall  continue  until  unloading  commences  un- 
less the  animals  have  reached  their  destination  and 
are  unloaded  by  oner  agencies,  in  which  case  it  shall 
cease  when  the  cars  are  set  at  the  unloading  docks. 

TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION 

127.  T.  E.  Form  15  (formerly  F.  I.  Form  49).-— This 
is  a  certificate  covering  the  interstate  movement  of 
tuberculin-tested  cattle  which  are  regarded  as  appa- 
rently free  from  tuberculosis  or  other  infectious  or 
contagious  diseases.  Four  copies  of  the  form  are 
made — one  is  submitted  to  the  chief  of  the  bureau; 
the  duplicate  copy  accompanies  the  shipment ;  the 
triplicate  copy  is  forwarded  to  the  inspector  in  charge 
in  the  State  of  destination ;  and  the  fourth  is  for- 
warded to  th^  State  official  in  the  State  of  destination. 
If  reactors  are  found,  F.  I.  Form  49-B  should  accom- 
pany the  copy  of  T.  E.  Form  15  mailed  direct  to  the 


33 


chief  of  the  bureau.  F.  I.  Form  49-C  is  a  monthly 
summary  covering  the  issuance  of  T.  E.  Form  15,  and 
should  be  submitted  to  the  Washington  office  at  the 
expiration  of  each  month's  work. 

When  the  cattle  are  tested  by  a  veterinarian  other 
than  a  bureau  inspector,  the  original  and  triplicate 
copies  of  the  tuberculin-test  chart  and  health  certifi- 
cate shall  be  sent  to  the  livestock  sanitary  officer  of 
the  State  from  which  the  animals  are  to  be  shipped  or 
moved  and  upon  approval  by  him  the  original  copy 
shall  be  forwarded  to  the  bureau.  The  duplicate  copy 
of  the  tuberculin-test  chart  and  health  certificate  shall 
accompany  the  cattle  to  destination  and  the  quadrupli- 
cate copy  thereof  shall  be  sent  to  the  State  veterina- 
rian, or  other  proper  official  of  the  State  of  destination, 
in  ample  time  to  reach  him  before  the  arrival  of  the 
cattle  at  destination.  (Each  State  will  be  expected 
to  provide  its  veterinarians  with  blank  forms  of  tuber- 
culin-test charts  and  health  certificates.) 

128.  T.  E.  Form  27  is  a  certificate  permitting  the 
return  interstate,  to  the  farm  of  origin,  of  animals 
which  have  reacted  to  the  tuberculin  test,  and  is 
issued  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved October  1,  1918,  and  the  regulations  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  effective  October  15,  1918. 
Before  any  certificate  is  issued  covering  the  return 
movement  of  any  diseased  animal,  the  facts  in  each 
individual  case  should  be  presented  to  the  proper 
official  in  the  State  of  destination  and  his  consent 
obtained  for  the  return  of  the  animal  in  question. 
This  certificate  is  also  used  to  cover  the  inter- 
state movement  of  tuberculous  cattle  for  immediate 
slaughter. 

CLEANING  AND  DISINFECTING  CARS 

129.  F.  I.  Form  62  should  be  rendered  to  the 
Washington  office  each  day  that  one  or  more  infected 
cars  carrying  diseased  animals  are  received.  When- 
ever possible  the  initials  and  numbers  should  be 
recorded  directly  from  the  cars. 

Whenever  infected  animals  are  transferred  en  route 
this  form  also  should  show  the  initials  and  numbers 
of  the  cars  from  which  they  were  transferred  and  the 
point  and  date  of  transfer.  The  initials  and  number 
of  the  original  and  transfer  car  should  be  arranged 


34 


in  such  a  manner  that  it  will  be  known  from  and  to 
which  car  the  animals  were  transferred. 

380.  F.  I.  Form  62  A  should  be  rendered  to  the 
Washington  office  each  day  that  one  or  more  cars  are 
disinfected,  or  infected  cars  are  billed  to  another 
point  for  disinfection,  or  are  removed  without  disin- 
fection or  arrangement  therefor.  In  the  event  of  such 
removal,  the  F.  1.  Form  62-A  should  show  the  date 
and  hour  of  notice  served,  date  and  hour  of  removal, 
and  whether  the  car  was  carded  with  F.  I.  Form  57. 
The  initials  of  the  employee  supervising  the  cleaning 
and  disinfection  should  appear  in  the  lower  left-hand 
corner  of  F.  I.  Form  62-A,  and  if  this  form  is  prepared 
by  another  employee  his  initials  should  be  shown  in 
the    uper   left-hand    corner. 

131.  F.  I.  Form  62  D  should  be  rendered  on  the  first 
and  sixteenth  of  each  month,  giving  a  list  of  all 
infected  cars  reported  on  F.  I.  Form  Form  62  and  not 
reported  on  F.  1.  Form  62-A  as  cleaned  and  disin- 
fected, provided  that  no  car  should  be  included  unless 
it  was  received  15  days  or  inore  prior  to  date  of  ren- 
dering 62  D.  All  cars  reported  as  delinquent  must 
be  carried  on  the  delinquent  list  and  so  reported  each 
15  days  until  they  are  reported  as  cleaned  and  disin- 
fected by  the  station  at  which  they  are  delinquent, 
or  notice  to  remove  is  received  from  the  Washington 
office.  A  separate  report  should  be  rendered  for  each 
railroad  company  responsible  for  cars  that  are  de- 
linquent. All  those  railroads  having  no  delinquent 
cars  should  be  listed  on  one  report  followed  by  the 
notation  "  No  delinquent  cars." 

When  a  car  from  which  diseased  animals  are  trans- 
ferred is  removed  without  having  been  cleaned  and 
disinfected  under  bureau  supervision,  it  should  be  car- 
ried on  the  F.  1.  Form  62-D  until  it  is  cleaned  and 
disinfected  under  the  supervision  of  the  station  report- 
ing the  transfer  or  notice  is  received  from  the  bureau 
to  remove  it. 

132.  Corrected  reports. — If  it  is  discovered  that  an 
error  has  been  made  in  rendering  car  reports,  a  cor- 
rected report  should  be  forwarded  at  once.  The  cor- 
rected report  should  include  only  the  car  or  cars 
involved  in  the  correction,  with  a  notation  showing 
the  initials  and  number  or  numbers  previously  re- 
ported. Reports  rendered  in  answer  to  a  bureau  letter 
should  bear  the  notation  "  Bureau  letter  dated ." 


35 

133.  F.  I.  Form  57-A  cards  should  be  attached  only 
when  disinfection  was  personally  supervised  by  bu- 
reau employees.  On  completion  of  the  disinfection 
one  card,  filled  in  on  both  sides  with  weatherproof 
pencil,  should  be  attached  to  each  side  of  the  car. 

134.  Abbreviations  used. — In  rendering  reports,  ab- 
breviate as  follows : 

Sheep  scabies SS. 

Cattle  scabies CS. 

Hog  cholera HC. 

Tuberculosis TB. 

Texas  fever TF. 

Foot-and-mouth  disease F&M. 

(All  other  infections  should  be  named  in  full.) 

Cleaned  and  disinfected C&D. 

Cleaned,  washed,  and  disinfected CW&D. 

Sealed  and  billed S^B. 

Inspector  notified IN. 

Railroad  request KR. 

State  requirement SR. 

Canadian  Government CG. 

Immunized  swine IS. 

Restricted  import  products RIP. 

135.  Numbers  to  be  recorded  from  cars. — The  em- 
ployees supervising  the  work  of  cleaning  and  disin- 
fecting cars  should  make  a  record  of  the  initials  and 
numbers  of  the  cars  cleaned  and  disinfected  from  the 
cars  directly  and  not  fr«m  the  railroad  records,  and 
the  lists  should  be  checked  by  again  comparing  with 
the  initials  and  numbers  on  the  cars.  On  account  of 
the  similarity  of  car  initial  and  numbers  of  the  vari- 
ous railroads,  reports  must  show  car  initials  in  full 
instead  of  abbreviations,  reporting  marks,  and  nick- 
names. 

136.  Cause  of  disinfection  and  date  to  be  shown. — 
In  the  column  preceding  *'  Disposal,"  on  the  F.  I. 
Form  62-A,  both  the  date  received  and  the  cause 
of  disinfection  should  be  showTn.  When  the  cars  are 
sealed  and  billed,  the  destination  should  also  be 
shown. 

137.  Railroad  request. — When  a  railroad  requests 
disinfection  of  a  car  under  supervision,  the  bureau  em- 
ployee should  ascertain  the  reason  therefor,  and  note 
same  on  the  report  by  the  proper  abbreviation. 

138.  Class  of  car  to  be  shown. — When  a  car  re- 
ported is  not  a  stock  car,  the  class  to  which  it  belongs, 


36 

as  "  box,"  "  gondola,"  etc.,  must  be  clearly  indicated  on 
the  report. 

139.  Whenever  possible,  cars  rhould  be  arranged  on 
the  F.  I.  Forms  62  and  62-A  in  alphabetical  order. 

140  Separate  F.  I.  Forms  62-A  and  62-D  should  be 
rendered  covering  cars  which  are  used  in  the  trans- 
portation of  restricted  import  products. 

o 


«*!«  «P*  UMW* 


UNIVERSITY  OF  FLORIDA 


3  1262  08858  530 


